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Awning window - A window that pivots on an axis or near the top edge of the sash and projects toward the outdoor.
Axonometric - A drawing that gives a 3D representation of an object in scale with top and bottom edges usually tilted to an angle.
Baluster - One of a series of short posts or pillars that make up a Balustrade and support the rail at the top and stand on the base at the bottom.
Baseboard - A strip of finish material placed at the junction of a floor and a wall.
Batten - A long thin piece of rectangular shaped material supporting roof tiles or covering joints between paneling.
Beam - A straight structural member that acts primarily to resist non-axial loads.
Buffet - A sideboard or a counter or table from which guest serve themselves food.
Building envelope - The exterior structure of a building that separates the interior environment from the exterior environment.
Built-in - Any feature that is directly constructed into the structure of a building.
Capital - The head of a column or pilaster that is often larger than the column itself.
Casement window - A window that pivots on axis at or near the vertical edge of the sash.
Casing - The wood finish pieces surrounding the frame of a window or door.
Chase - A small closed off space accommodating plumbing and other utilities.
Chair rail - A molding running around the walls of a room at chair back height.
CMU - Concrete Masonry Unit A block of concrete with or without hollow cores, designed to be laid in the same manner as brick or stone.
Column - An upright structural member acting primarily in compression.
Cornice - The exterior detail at the meeting of a wall and a roof overhang; a decorative molding at the intersection of a wall and a ceiling.
Course - A horizontal layer of masonry units one unit high; a horizontal line of shingles or siding.
Crawl space - A space that is not tall enough to stand in, located beneath the bottom floor of the building.
Design development - Phase of design process, which fixes and describes the size and character of a project.
Dimension - Measurement in length width or depth.
Dormer - A structure protruding through the plane of a sloping roof, usually with a window and its own smaller roof.
Double-hung window - A window with two overlapping sashes that slide vertically in tracks.
Eave - The horizontal edge at the low side of a sloping roof.
Elevation - A drawing that views a building from any of its sides; a vertical height above a reference point such as above sea level.
Exterior - The area not completely enclosed by a building.
Finish - Exposed to view; the material that is exposed to view (finished carpentry and finished floor).
Fire wall - A wall to divide two parts of a building as a deterrent to the spread of fire.
Flashing - A thin continuous sheet of metal, plastic, rubber or waterproof paper used to prevent the passage of water through a joint.
Footing - The widened part of a foundation that spreads a load from the building across a broader area of soil.
Foundation - The portion of a building that has the sole purpose of transmitting structural loads from the building into the earth.
French door - A symmetrical pair of glazed swinging doors hinged to a single frame and meeting at the center.
Gable - The triangular wall beneath the end of a gable roof.
Glider window - A window that opens by sliding horizontally to the side.
Glulam - A timber made up of a large number of small strips of wood glued together.
Grade - The surface of the ground; to move earth for the purpose of bringing the surface of the ground to an intended level profile.
Gypsum board - An interior-facing panel. Often referred to as drywall, plasterboard, gypsum wallboard and GWB.
Hip - The diagonal intersection of planes in a hip roof.
Interior - The area that is completely enclosed by a building.
Jamb - The vertical side of a door or window.
Joist - One of a group of light, closely spaced beams used to support a floor deck or flat roof.
Knee wall - A short wall under the slope of the roof.
Landing - A platform in or at either end of a stair.
Light - The openings between the upright mullions of a window.
Lintel - A beam that carries the load of a wall across a window or door opening.
Material - Substances that make up the construction of a building.
Molding - Molded or worked surfaces given to project parts of edges of buildings and the intersection of vertical and horizontal surfaces.
Mullions - An upright or vertical dividing bar in a window separating lights.
Parapet - The region of an exterior wall that projects above the level of the roof.
Pergola - A covered walkway in a garden formed from two rows of upright pillars supporting horizontal beams.
Perimeter - The edge of an area.
Perpendicular - Something abutting at a 90-degree angle to something else.
Perspective - A type of drawing that gives a 3D view of a building or space using specific viewpoints and vanishing points.
Paver - A half-thickness brick used as finish flooring.
Pilaster - A column integrated within a wall.
Pile - A long slender piece of material driven into the ground to as a foundation.
Pitch - The slope of a roof or other plane, often expressed as inches of rise per foot of run.
Picture window - A window that is fixed and cannot be opened, usually very large.
Plan - A type of drawing that indicates the horizontal layout of a floor or site.
Plenum - The space between the ceiling of a room and the structural floor above.
Programming - A system of determining how a project will address the needs of a client.
Quoin - A corner reinforcing of cut stone or bricks in a masonry wall.
Rafter - A framing member that runs up and down the slope of a steep roof.
Rake - The sloping edge of a steep roof.
Retaining wall - A wall that is constructed to hold back earth.
Riser - The vertical portion of a stair.
Roof types:
Gable - A roof consisting of two oppositely sloping planes that intersects at a level ridge.
Gambrel - A roof shape consisting of two superimposed levels of gable roofs with the lower level at a steeper pitch.
Hip - A roof consisting of four sloping planes that intersects to form a pyramidal or elongated pyramidal shape.
Mansard - A roof shape consisting of two superimposed levels of hip roofs with the lower level at a steeper pitch.
Shed - A building or dormer with a single -pitched roof.
Rough opening - The clear dimensions of the opening that must be provided in a wall frame to accept a given door or window unit.
Run - The vertical portion of a stair.
Rural - Area that is not within an urban zone.
Sash - A frame that holds glass in a window.
Schedules - A table that spells out information about construction elements.
Schematic design - The phase of the design process where the massing and size of a project is determined.
Scupper - An opening through which water can drain over the edge of a flat roof.
Section - A type of drawing that cuts vertically through a building to show the interior and construction of a building.
Siding - The exterior wall finish material applied to a light frame wood structure.
Sidelight - A tall narrow window alongside a door.
Silhouette - The profile of a structure.
Sill - The strip of wood that lies immediately on top of a concrete or masonry foundation in wood frame construction; the horizontal bottom portion of a window or a door.
Site - The specific plot(s) of land on which a building is to be placed on.
Slab on grade - A concrete surface lying, and supported by the ground beneath.
Site plan - A drawing that shows the layout of a site including the topography, vegetation, groundwater and etc. on a site.
Soffit -The undersurface of a horizontal element of a building, especially the underside of a stair or a roof overhang.
Spandrel beam - A beam runs along the outside edge of a floor or a roof.
Splashguard - An area at the back of a counter where the material of counter rises up.
Stud - One of a small series of small closely spaced wall framing members.
Sump - A pit designed to collect water for removal front a basement.
Transition - Change of material or construction type in a building.
Transom - A window directly above a door or another window.
Tread - The horizontal portion of a stair that a user places their foot on.
Trim - A piece of material that finishes the edge of a surface or opening. It is usually made of a different material or color from the adjacent surface.
Truss - A triangular arrangement of structural members that reduces non-axial forces on the truss to a set of axial forces in the members.
Vault - An arched integral roof or ceiling. Vertical - Perpendicular to the horizon.
Winder - A stair tread that is wider at one end than at the other.
Wythe - A vertical layer of masonry one masonry unit thick.
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